Essay about Social Reform - 1330 Words

Many things can contribute to the rise of social reform in the 1800s. Many scholars such Ralph Waldo Emerson or Edgar Allen Poe, helped lead the reform era. But the most some of the most important ideas that encouraged social reform was the Second Great Awakening, Industrialization, and nostalgia. All three played a very important role and had key people who helped jump start a era of reformation. People knew that it was time for a change and they knew they had to do something about it. Thats when the Second Great Awakening came to a boil. Led by people such as Charles Grandison Finney, Peter Cartwright, and Lyman Beecher, the Second Great Awakening really did â€Å"awaken† the people of the United States to start getting back into†¦show more content†¦The Maine Law ,passed in 1851 in Maine, was one of the first statutory implementations of the developing temperance movement in the United States. It was put in by temperance activist Neal Dow. The passage of th e law, which prohibited the sale of all alcoholic beverages except for medicinal, mechanical or manufacturing purposes, quickly spread elsewhere, and by 1855 twelve states had joined Maine in total prohibition. Those states that had passed the law were known as the â€Å"dry† states. Those that had not passed the law were known as â€Å"wet† states. The Second Great Awakening also led to a womans rights reformation. The womans rights reformation was directed towards getting woman freedoms inherently possessed by women and girls of all ages, which may be institutionalized, ignored or suppressed by law, custom, and behavior in a particular society. Issues commonly associated with notions of womens rights include, though are not limited to, the right: to bodily integrity and autonomy; to vote; to hold public office; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to own property; to education; to serve in the military; to enter into legal contracts; and to have marital, parenta l and religious rights. One of these rights sparked womans suffrage which aimed at getting woman the right to vote. The Second Great awakening first led woman to be Christian, which in turn, led them to start establishing themselves rights. Including the right to vote. Another majorShow MoreRelatedSocial Reforms, India4726 Words   |  19 PagesThe reform activities united people and the attack on institutions like caste which hampered social unity created a sense of oneness in the people. But most of these reform movements had certain limitations. The questions to which they gave primacy concerned only small sections of Indian society. Some of them failed to emphasize or even recognize that colonial rule was inimical to the interests of the Indian people. Most of them worked within the framework of their respective communities in a wayRead MoreRole Of The Federal Government On The Economy And Social Reform1334 Words   |  6 PagesHenry Clay and John Quincy Adams who were in s earch for a compromise and balance in government, territorial expansion, and domestic manufacturing. These two parties had very different views on the role of the federal government on the economy and social reform. Jackson s inauguration was one of the first that was open in public. It became something unforgettable for those who supported him and who drank, ate, and celebrated the election of someone who they saw as one of their own 8. Never can I forgetRead MoreThe As A Social Reform Writer Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagest understand me.† It is precisely this which Gaskell, as a social reform writer, wishes to change about Society in Victorian England. The very purpose of Gaskell’s novel Mary Barton is to gauge an understanding between classes and equally to heighten the sympathy felt among those composing the middle and upper classes for those who fell within the realms of a lower social status. Gaskell was a strong believer in the idea that social issues such as class division were a result of misunderstandingRead MoreThe Introduction of Social Reforms by the Liberal Government in 1906-1914582 Words   |  3 PagesThe Introduction of Social Reforms by the Liberal Government in 1906-1914 There are multiple reasons why the Liberal government introduced acts of social reform between 1906 and 1914. 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The period 1820 to 1870 in the United States was marked by a forceful and widespread debate on womans roles and their proper vocation whether this be in the home or outside the home and becoming wage earners.This was, however, still a time in which females were Read MoreEssay on Social Security Reform1958 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Security Reform   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not difficult to understand why Social Security is our country’s most popular government program. Prior to its inception in the 1930’s, more than half the nation’s elderly lived in poverty. The program was designed as a social (old-age) insurance plan which provides a guaranteed income to retired and disabled workers whose loss of wages promises an uncertain economic future. I emphasize the word guaranteed, as this is the issue in contention when consideringRead MoreThe social reforms in Reza Shahs reign are a foundation, in the emergence of a modern society in2000 Words   |  8 Pages The social reforms in Reza Shahs reign are a foundation, in the emergence of a modern society in Iran. Social reforms such as education, law, politics and secularist reforms have been researched and documented. Bharrier and Banani have researched this area of history extensively, and most modern historians such as Katouzian and Abrahamian still base their research on the works of these earlier historians and reference them heavily. The research conducted on this area of history has been based on

U.S. and Norway Leadership Styles Essay - 1301 Words

As we all know, leadership is very important. However, its effects are not always visible. In crises, high quality leadership tends to be both visible and decisive for a positive outcome. Leadership requirements and expectations change over time, responsibilities and roles must be review at regular intervals. In all nations and countries today, good leadership is important on day-to-day bases. Leadership involves working together with employees, their organizations and other parties to achieve results. Most leadership functions and roles vary according to level, framework conditions, and type of responsibility, competence requirements, and degree of autonomy. After doing research we have come to realize that different cultures have†¦show more content†¦Most Norwegian leaders tend to have an informal, inclusive, supportive, and non-authoritarian leadership style. They give their staff considerable autonomy and opportunities to participate actively in the solution of tasks and the development of processes in the workplace. In comparison to the Norway style of leadership, the U.S. has several similarities but after employed in the U.S., we have saw things differently. After doing research, we found out that the U.S. holds leaders and CEO’s to high standards. Leaders are building blocks of the organization in the U.S. The most effective men and women who are leaders are those who can competently organize the cooperation and assistance of other people to accomplish goals and objectives. A leader performs five basic functions: Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. At all the levels of being a leader the leader have to be able to perform one or more of these leadership functions. Most leaders’ main role is to achieve effective utilization of resources in an organization. He/she achieves so through coordinated human efforts. A leader has a very important role to play in achieving organizational objectives. Everyone is responsible for aligning the individuals objectives with the organizational objectives. This is very essential for achieving long-term organizational success. Most U.S. leaders feel as if effective leadership is a personal role that requires the blending ofShow MoreRelatedDifferent Definitions Of Leadership And Leadership1503 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership: Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individual to achieve a common goal (pp5). However, there are many different definitions of leadership as there are people who have tried to define it because the word can have different meaning for different people. Leadership is similar to the management in many ways because they both involve influence, concerned with effective goal and work with people. Leadership helps to produce change and movement by establishingRead MoreLeadership And Hofstedes Six Dimensions1493 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Hofstede s Six Dimensions The Hofstede six dimension model s a study or theory, put forth by Professor Geer Hofstede, on how values in the work place are influenced by cultural differences around the world. The Model analyzes different countries on a scale from one to a hundred in six of the different categories. The categories in the model include; Power Distance Index, Individualism versus Collectivism, Masculinity versus Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, Long Term OrientationRead MoreWhole Foods Market in Norway3916 Words   |  16 Pagescompany. Local stores domestically and internationally administer operations and values chains set by headquarters. With stores operating actively within the United Kingdom and Canada, a similar approach will be used towards its expansion into Bergen, Norway. As an international company, Whole Market Foods retains overarching control of its stores. A board of directors is elected by the shareholders to oversee the management of the company, its financial busine ss and is responsible for monitoring managementRead MoreParenting Styles And Family Relationships2529 Words   |  11 PagesParenting styles have been researched in many different journals and their role in the promotion of healthy child attachment to family, friends and social settings. In particular this review will focus on parenting styles and their correlation to parent-child attachment. The review will focus on the four main parenting styles authoritarian, authoritative, permissive and neglect and examine the effectiveness of these parenting styles on parent-child attachment. Then the review will further examineRead MoreCrew Resource Management Has Come a Long Way but Still Has More to Go2528 Words   |  11 PagesIn several studies of aviation mishaps, human error has been cited as the primary cause of the majority of these mishaps. The main problems of these human errors were failures in interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the flight deck (or c ockpit). With this in mind and the need to improve on air safety, Crew Resource Management was developed. We will define CRM and then continue further to define subsequent automations and questionnaires that have developed through CRMRead MoreEmotional Intel Essay3794 Words   |  16 Pagesinformation regarding effects of globalization on the economy and the culture of the Norway, during the past few years. Five sets of research questions were used to form the bases of the paper. The intent is to illiterate the cultural dynamics and business culture of the Country. Knowledge of the influence of culture and business practices will assist one with understanding globalization as it pertains to Norway. Using the information in this paper, individuals like consultants and managers whoRead MoreEssay on Leadership used by Conrad Hilton3135 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Name Professor Course Date Leadership Styles Used by Conrad Hilton Conrad Nicholson Hilton was an American hotelier and founder of the Hilton Hotel chain (Alef 2009). Hilton was born on 25th December 1887 in the city of San Antonio, New Mexico Territory. His father, Augustus Halvorsen Hilton, was an immigrant from Norway and his mother, Mary Genevieve, was an American of German descent and a devout catholic. He had eight siblings; Eva Hilton, Felice Hilton, Carl Hilton, Rosemary Hilton, HelenRead MoreBarack Obama3987 Words   |  16 Pagescommunity organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He also worked as civil-rights lawyer and teacher before pursuing a political career. He was later elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1996, serving from 1997 to 2004. He was elected to the U.S. presidency in 2008. President Obama continues to enact policy changes in response to the issues of health care and economic crisis. Early Life Obama was born on August 4, 1961, at KapiÊ »olani Maternity amp; Gynecological Hospital (now KapiÊ »olaniRead MoreCultural Foundations Of Denmark And Their Effects On Business Environment2846 Words   |  12 PagesThis paper aims to define cultural foundations in Denmark, and examine their effects on various business practices in this country from management practices to communication, conflict management, performance appraisal, leadership styles, relationship between managers and employees, ethical behavior, and motivation and reward systems. 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Human Resource Management for Vital Component -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Vital Component. Answer: Evidence Based HRM The evidence based HRM is the organizational approach that helps in making different kind of decisions based on evidence. The different kind of facts and information that are based on evidence helps the different human resource professionals to take different kind of feasible decisions in achieving the different organizational objectives. According to the evidence based human resource management in order to make different decisions of the organization, the different sources of information are essential in nature that includes judgment and expertise of the different practitioners. It can be seen that the evidence based HRM is the argumentative approach as this helps in justifying the different organizational decisions that helps in investigation of human resources in the different organizations that helps in implementing and evaluating external evidence effectually (Cascio, 2018). Evidence based human resource management is helpful in considering the different kind of terms that will help in promoting the scholarship that is empirical in nature. This is the kind of technique as to analyse the different kind of talents that will help in driving performance of the different employees in the entire organization (Keep, 2014). The main objective of the entire observation is to identify the different kind of human capital that is intangible in nature and in order to take different steps in the human capital that is intangible in nature, it is necessary to implement different kind of changes in the organizational management process. The entire system will help in improving the organizational performance along with performance of employees for long run. Importance of Strategic HRM in CERA Human Resource Management is defined as the term that helps in fulfilling the different organizational objectives and goals. The individuals are the essential capital of the organization wherein Israel Tobin was successful in persuading Mark French in understanding the different strategic objectives of HRM. Israel Tobin helped Mark French in making him understand that the strategic policies and appropriate human resource management structure is essential in nature in organizations for planning and development of organizations (Hrvoice.org, 2018). Israel Tobin is the HR manager of CERA and Mark French is the CEO of the company who was frustrated in checking that the strategies used by HR team were ineffective and this created huge ineffectiveness in the different functions of the company. Israel Tobin tried to understand the different strategic aspects of HRM in an effective manner from the different websites that provided him idea on strategic and appropriate human resource management strategies as Mark French was a civil engineer. From the different websites, it was understood and analysed by Israel Tobin that the strategies of HRM has to be related to personnel guidelines that will best fit the organizations and this will help in matching the overall strategies of business in an effective manner. Israel Tobin analysed that the production of the company is low as per the standards and there is gap in performance of the company as well (Emeraldinsight.com., 2018). Furthermore, performance gap analysis was done as this helped them in changing design and structure of job and they understood the skills and competencies of the employees in the organization. These kinds of job design helped the employees to be motivated in nature and this provided proper career advancement as well. C.CRAP TEST for Hrvoice.org. Currency - Yes, the article is relevant and recent enough for the topic and it has been published in the year 2011. The topic is on the strategic human resource management and it helped in understanding the application of HR in different fields. Reliability - The information that has been taken is relevant in nature. The information is based on primary sources and the references are being used in the article and the article was peer reviewed in nature. The information that has been included in the article is relevant to the topic that has been covered and it helps in analysing importance of HRM in different fields in an effective manner (Hrvoice.org, 2018). The information that has been provided is detailed and there are few general concepts that has been applied in the article in few sentences. The information is balanced in nature and this provides proper understanding the importance of strategic HRM Authority There are two authors wherein T Bagga and Andrea Soberg and the information that has been generated is of an organization. The credentials are not provided in an effective manner in the article that has been provided by the authors. The reputation along with expertise of the authors are Andrea Soberg worked as the dean in the School of Business from the year 2008-2014 and T Bagga worked under the TWU since the year 1999 Purpose/Point of view the intent of both the authors were that they wanted to provide proper information to the audiences and readers regarding the strategic management practices in the different kind of organizations. The information that was provided was to make the audiences and readers understand about the entire issues in an explicit manner. Yes, it is the first-hand account of the event. Both the authors have vested interest in the respective strategic HRM topic (CRAP, 2018). CRAP TEST for Emeraldinsight Currency- The article is published in the year 2012 and it was relating to the different articles on human resource management. The entire website helps in understanding the different concepts of HR in an effective manner. The website helps in analysing the different issues in HR and this has helped in understanding issues in different fields and solving them with different HR practices Reliability The article is based on primary sources and the references provided in an effective manner. The information was published by the www.emeraldinsight.com website. The article is not peer reviewed in nature and the information provided in the article is specifically related to the human resource management as well. The information provided in the article is general related to different kind of topic. The information is balanced in nature and this incluydes different analysis of the strategies of HR in different kind of fields (Emeraldinsight.com., 2018) Authority- The information provided was by different authors and it was an organization wherein the different credentials are provided in an effective manner. The expertise is based on analysis of the different fields that includes HR activities as well. The authority helped in understanding the different issues in HR. Purpose/Point of view- The audiences are intended in nature and this helped the readers to understand the different issues that are applicable to them. This is the first-hand account of event and the link has provided them with different kind of knowledge in different HR fields in an effective manner Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that HRM is one of the essential strategies of the organizations as this helped in improving the different organizations. From the case study, it was analyzed that there were different issues in the organizations wherein the strategic planning of HR was not appropriate in manner. Israel Tobin and Mark French tried analyzing the situations in the company and solved the issues by development of accurate job design and they performed performance gap analysis as to initiate the effective kind of workforce plan in CERA to motivate employees in an effective manner. The two articles which were chosen were related to the CERA case study which aimed to find a relationship between the corporate planning and human resource planning. The articles were accurate and were based on the relationship between the two given aspects. In the third part of the assignment the CRAP Test was discussed which determines the reliability, purpose, authenticity and currency of the internet source from where the articles are taken for secondary research or primary. The articles chosen for this purpose passed the CRAP Test and were from reliable sources. Hence, using these articles the management problem can be easily solved. Bibliography Cascio, W. (2018). Managing human resources. . McGraw-Hill Education. CRAP. (2018, March 14). LibGuides: Learn about Evaluating Sources: CRAP Test. Retrieved from ccconline.libguides.com: https://ccconline.libguides.com/c.php?g=242130p=2185475 Emeraldinsight.com. (2018, March 14). Emeraldinsight. Retrieved from www.emeraldinsight.com: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108 /SHR-03-2014-0023 Hrvoice.org. (2018, March 14). The Link Between Strategic Planning and Human Resource Planning. Retrieved from www.hrvoice.org: https://www.hrvoice.org/the-link-between-strategic-planning-and-human-resource-planning Keep, E. (2014). Corporate training strategies: the vital component. New Perspectives.

Who is to blame for slow Katrina response

Introduction The United States military attack on the Middle East received widespread criticisms from all over the world. Human rights activists asserted that the United States concerted efforts on this war reflected the deep-rooted negligence of the important roles a government plays to its citizens. The slow response by the government to the Hurricane Katrina re-ignited criticisms, which is slowly becoming part of the American culture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Who is to blame for slow Katrina response? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Who is to blame for the slow response towards the Katrina catastrophe? This paper carries out a research on the criticisms of the United States government on the war on terrorism and disaster response to test the hypothesis that, the former United States president, George Walker Bush, is to blame for the slow response to Hurricane Katrina. Research Method The resea rch will obtain relevant information from scholarly articles and electronic libraries. The study focuses on three areas viz. the opinion polls on war and disaster response by the government, the criticisms of war on terror, and criticisms of disaster response. Based on the opinion polls of the public on the war on terrorism, the research will establish whether the US people supported the government involvement in Middle East. The research will also seek to establish the public view and evaluate several arguments by the critics to the ‘war on terror’ and the disaster response. In order to dispel or justify the stated thesis, the research shall carry out a qualitative evaluation to test the thesis. Findings Criticisms of the Response to the Hurricane Katrina After the devastating Katrina Hurricane that struck the Mexican Gulf and parts of Southern United States, observers, politicians, activists, and public pointed fingers to the government for its slow response to the di saster. The research found that most of the accusations targeted Department of Homeland Security and the President Bush administration for slow response because the research established that the slow response was a result of inadequate leadership within the Department. To demonstrate the DHS’ negligence on this matter, the research established that according to ABC’s Tapper (2005), â€Å"More than 10,000 people died in Katrina Hurricane† (7), whereas DHS reports showed that less than 2,000 people died. The discrepancy could be a result of the DHS slow response to establish the real effect and impact of the Hurricane Katrina. Critics also blame President Bush’s handling of the Southern United States before and after the Katrina. According to public opinion poll carried in September 2005, â€Å"only 38% of the American citizens supported President Bush’s handling of the Katrina disaster† (Tapper 2005, 7). More than 60% of the United States cit izens expressed dissatisfaction by the Bush’s involvement in the issue.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Bush administration had ignored the various warnings issued by scientists, politicians and largely by media. Critics attribute the Bush’s neglect of the disaster to his concentration on the Iraqi invasion. New Orleans experienced understaffing of its military and disaster management officers, approximately by 65% hence; there was insufficient disaster response military. The research found that critics accuse the State of Louisiana for the slow response because Brown (2005) argues that, the state officials â€Å"frustrated the efforts of the federal government and international agencies in providing aid, security, and relief, after the Hurricane Katrina† (60). Due to the limitations of the Posse Comitatus Act, the Federal troops could not provide di rect security to the New Orleans’ citizens, hence slow response. Criticisms of War on Terror by the Bush Government Most critics of the war based their arguments on the morals, economics, ethics, and issues surrounding the American military attack on Iraq and other regions in the Middle East. Legal experts viewed the United States’ military actions in the Middle East as the extreme violation of the international law. In addition, these experts justified that it was against the United Nations’ Security Council for United States to â€Å"invade Middle East, particularly Iraq, without cognitive evidence that the region possessed threat to the peace of the world† (Williamson 2009, 89). The Bush’s remarks of the perpetual war on terrorism exposed his focus on the military activities in Iraq at the expense of the needs of people of United States. As a result, the government did not prepare adequately for the breach of levees after the Hurricane Katrina d espite the perpetual warnings by the experts. Majority of the critics attributed the slow Katrina response to the government’s focus on the military actions in the Arab world. Therefore, Bush was to blame for the slow response to Hurricane Katrina. The research found that the majority of public believed that the government did not involve the public in the decisions of war on terror. Critics further argued that the government neglected the citizens who opposed its actions in Iraq. The media quoted President Bush saying, â€Å"You are either with us or against us† (Taylor 2002, 1). By making such remarks, the president meant to engage whoever opposed his predetermined plans. Critics such as Johns A. Keaney observed that the slow response to the Hurricane Katrina was a means by the government to punish those who opposed its war on terror (Cook 2005, 13).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Who is to blame for slow Katrina response? specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the principle of unilateralism, the United States government attacks in Iraq did not mean to achieve the goals of ‘war on terror’. In fact, it enhanced poverty and undignified livelihoods of the Black American citizens. As a result, the victims’ response to the Hurricane Katrina was slow due to their incapability to move out of the disaster stricken New Orleans state. The war on terrorism created more problems to the people of the United States. Apart from enhancing terrorist attacks to the US citizens, the war on terrorism made even the local officers to neglect their roles to the citizens. Since the president himself had neglected his role to the people, the local officers imitated him. Therefore, it was President Bush to blame for the failure of quick action by the local authorities. According to Brown (2005), if the government had allocated enough funds on disaster preparedness and ma nagement, the DHS would have quickly responded to the Hurricane Katrina (58). Based on the opinion polls that the slow response to Hurricane Katrina because of the government focus on war on terrorism, this research established that majority of the people who lived in the New Orleans blamed the government for their desperate conditions; the level of poverty and poor living conditions in that state. Some linked the neglect by the government to the heavy ‘investment’ the government had made in the war on terrorism. Therefore, it was President Bush to blame for the slow response by the local authorities to the Hurricane Katrina. Opinion polls The research established that 61% of American citizens proposed that the government should reduce the spending in Iraq and invest in reconstruction of the disaster hit New Orleans (Tapper 2005, 7). The opinion polls also revealed that 57% of the citizens had no trust in the government’s provision for relief services in case of terrorist attacks or occurrence of natural disasters. The polls showed that the citizens blamed everyone involved for relief problem during the Katrina disaster; 73% blamed the local government, 61% accused President Bush, 70% blamed the government agencies and 57% accused the Katrina victims.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the Iraqi war, 58% supported withdrawal of the US soldiers from the Middle East, with 77% of the democrats in support of the withdrawal while majority of the Republicans (59%) in opposition of the plan. Generally, the poll findings indicated that over 50% of American did not support the issue of terrorism and blamed the government for slow response to disaster of Hurricane Katrina. Qualitative Analysis The opinion polls bring about an important aspect of the study-the slow response to the Hurricane Katrina has direct link with the President Bush’s war on terrorism. As depicted by the public opinions, the government had allocated many resources for the Iraqi war. The public outcry to the government for reduction of investment in terrorism evidences President Bush’s extensive expenditure on Iraqi war. With 61% of the American citizen accusing Bush for the slow response in the Hurricane Katrina disaster, it is clear that people believed that the government had devoted all its resources for the war on terror. Basing on the criticisms concerning terrorism and disaster response, the government did show partiality in dealing with two issues that affected the lives of Americans. Conclusion In the view of qualitative analysis, President Bush is to blame for the slow response to Katrina because the local government had the upper hand to respond to the Hurricane Katrina before the federal government. On the ‘war on terror’ critics argued that, the victims and the citizens should blame the president for investing too much to the extent of neglecting crucial needs of the Americans. Moreover, the critics argue that the government was too busy in the Iraqi war such that it disregarded the action against the natural disasters. In addition, the government reduction in financing of the disasters such as Hurricane Katrina frustrated the efforts of the local authorities to respond effectively to the disasters. Reference List Brown, Michael D. 2005. H urricane Katrina: the first seven days of America’s worst natural  Disaster. US: Lulu Publishers Cook, Robin S. 2005. The struggle against terrorism cannot be won by military means. London:  The Guardian, July 8. Holmes, Stephen M. 2006. The Torture Debate in America. Greenberg: Cambridge University Press. Kellner, Douglas. 2003. From 9/11 to terror war: the dangers of the Bush legacy. New York: Rawman Littlefield. Meggle, Georg. 2005. Ethics of terrorism counter-terrorism. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag Publishers Peterson, Scott L. 2004. Why the U.S. granted ‘protected’ status to Iranian terrorists. The  Christian Science Monitor 10, (June/July): 130-145. Piszkiewicz, Dennis. 2003. Terrorism’s war with America: a history. US: Greenwood Publishing Group Tapper, Jake. 2005. Amid Katrina Chaos, Congressman Used National Guard to Visit Home and opinion polls. ABC News. September 13. Taylor, Martin S. 2002.With us or against us? Mideast is not that simple. S t. Petersburg Times, May 9. Williamson, Myra. 2009. Terrorism, war and international law: the legality of the use of force against Afghanistan in 2001. US: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. This research paper on Who is to blame for slow Katrina response? was written and submitted by user Ruth Eaton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Bootleger Version 20 essays

Bootleger Version 20 essays Prohibition will work great injury to the cause of temperance... for it goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a mans appetite by legislation and make a crime out of things that are not a crime. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principle upon which our government was founded Abraham Lincoln On January 16, 1920 the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified by thirty-six states and became part of the Constitution. The intention of this new amendment was to lower alcohol consumption by Americans. At the time each American consumed on average thirty gallons of alcohol a year.[1] This new amendment took away the license to do business from the brewers, distillers, and the wholesale and retail sellers of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol consumption did taper off somewhat at the beginning of prohibition only to slowly rise back to pre-prohibition levels shortly before the end of the movement which took place on December 5,1933. Not only was the goal of prohibition never achieved, but it raised organized crime to levels of power unimaginable before and seriously disrupted both the legitimacy and revenue of the government. Just as Prohibition incited many unsavory activities, so has the War on Drugs. The easiest way to show the connection between these to movements is an excerpt from an article pertaining to Prohibition in America during the 1920s: Bootleggers ran wild. Professional robberies began as soon as Prohibition did. Territories were divided by groups of organized crime that became the scum known as the Mafia. The territories were decided by violence and death, both against each other, as well as those in the public who may/may not have been innocent.[2] Extract a few words from the excerpt and replace them with the words drug dealers, War on Drugs, and gangs and there is a description of Americas current situation. The War on Drugs intends to rid America of d...

10 Interviewing Tips and Techniques

10 Interviewing Tips and Techniques 10 Interviewing Tips and Techniques 10 Interviewing Tips and Techniques By Mark Nichol Whether you are conducting a journalistic QA session or preparing an oral history, it’s important to prepare carefully for an interview. Here are some guidelines to help you succeed with the interview session. 1. Be Straightforward When you contact an interview subject, state your objective clearly and honestly. The nature of the interview you conduct should be the nature of the interview you described to the subject. Diversions from the stated agenda may upset the subject and undermine the interview. However, do not provide your questions to the subject in advance; tell him or her that any questions you prepare ahead of time are only part of the interview. 2. Choose an Interview-Friendly Location The interview subject’s home or office is generally better than a public location such as a coffee shop, with fewer unfamiliar distractions. A subject in the comfort of his or her own environment will provide you with better material, and you can make light conversation about a photograph, a memento, or some other object or feature to start the interview off on a relaxed footing. 3. Research the Subject Thoroughly Find out as much as you can about the person before the interview. Be well prepared, and distinguish between facts and opinions so you can query the subject appropriately about what you’ve learned. 4. Determine a Theme Avoid treating an interview as simply a series of general questions and answers. After conducting research, decide what the tone of the interview will be, and what you expect to get out of it. Develop a narrative flow based on the questions you wish to ask. The resulting content probably won’t follow that scheme, but your interview should have structure, and the questions should be organized logically by topic. 5. Prepare Questions Write down every question you can think of, whether you think you’ll have time to have them answered or not, in the order in which you would like the interview to progress, and then winnow the list to a manageable number of questions (but more than you think you’ll have time for). Craft simple questions consisting of a single query, and ask the most important ones first, in case the interview is interrupted or halted. Be prepared to jettison some questions, and be flexible enough to digress when the subject goes in an unexpected direction. Continue to follow that lead until it’s no longer productive and you are able to resume your line of questioning, preferably with a smooth transition. 6. Record the Interview If possible, use a recording device, but take notes in writing as well to help you shape the interview and in case the device malfunctions. Before you begin the interview, inform the subject that you are recording it to enhance the accuracy of the final product. Tell him or her that after you begin recording but before the interview begins, you will ask for his or her consent so that you have a record of it, and then do so. 7. Ask Questions Only the Subject Can Answer Do not waste the subject’s time by asking questions that can be answered through research. Do, however, use quantitative information such as age as a starting point. Instead of asking how old someone is, for example, ask someone who is old enough to have lived through a certain period in the past about his or her experiences during that time. 8. Engage with the Subject Demonstrate that you are interested and that what the subject is saying is important. Maintain eye contact as much as possible, but be objective and use neutral body language and avoid nodding, which may actually inhibit a substantive response. 9. Be Polite But Persistent If some of your questions are provocative or sensitive, word them carefully and ask them diplomatically. If the subject doesn’t answer or provides an inadequate response, ask again in other words. If a response still isn’t forthcoming, return to the topic again later in the interview, explaining why it’s important that the subject respond. 10. Be Patient When the subject seems to complete a response to a question, do not immediately move on to the next question, whether scripted or thought up at the time. Continue to be attentive, and patiently await more information. Sometimes, the postscript to a response is the best part. Likewise, when the interview is over, and the subject is more relaxed, take advantage of an opportunity to ask a casual question or two or to comment about something he or she said earlier. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should AvoidOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfCareful with Words Used as Noun and Verb

American Cancer Society Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

American Cancer Society - Term Paper Example own of these today is the American Cancer Society, which has been around for almost 100 years, and which today has over 900 offices not only in the US, but in Puerto Rico as well (ACS, 2012; Charity Navigator, 2012). The society, which started out as the American Society for the Control of Cancer (ASCC), was founded in 1913 by 13 of New York City’s most well-known physicians and business leaders. This was no small feat, as should be apparent from how the Society has been operating even up till the present day, but its importance was even greater then, considering how people had lived in fear and denial of the killer disease, despite it claiming thousands of Americans a year. This being the case, the founders thought it best not only to establish the Society, but to further raise awareness through research and recruitment. Going by the Society’s nearly 100 years of service, it would be safe to say that it succeeded in that goal, at least, and on a major, major scale. It is known to be a nationwide, community-based voluntary organization aimed at the elimination of health problems arising from cancer, which it does through research, education, advocacy and service – all of which should be common knowledge by now. Not only that, it also works with other organizations with similar goals and objectives, an example of which would be the Commission on Cancer (American College of Surgeons, 2008). As a matter of fact, the Society is also known for designing and supporting educational programs aimed not only at medical professionals, but at the general public as well. And aside from this, it has also been known for bankrolling cancer research efforts. Examples of such studies include that of Burns et al (1972) and of Calle et al (2002), as well as a more recent one conducted by Krewski et al (2009). And on a more personal level, it assists cancer patients by way of emotional support and treatment. All these can be traced back to Marjorie G. Ollig, who in 1936

Xipe Totec Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Xipe Totec - Research Paper Example The Aztecs conducted ceremonious events to celebrate their life. For instance, they would conduct or play a series of mock confrontations between groups of young adults. One group wore skins made from war captives and sat on mats. Xipe Totec was present in the ceremony dressed in the skin. The opposing side approached the relaxed and seated group, and provoked them in a mock war with their taunting. They would retaliate and chase their opponents. A person who was would succeed to catch his opponent could confine him to jail and awarded a gift of hanging over personal ownership. In regards to Xipe engagement in cults, it has been theorized that the origin of Xipe relate to a cult believed to be responsible for human liberation. This illustrates that the skin and the flesh of humanity is what is keeping the soul captive thus making Xipe Totec a god of hostage or bondage. Not only did Xipe Totec participate in sacred rituals, but also the Aztecs had a conviction that he was the deity th at sent eye and skin problems to the earth. The emergence of these convictions or believes have been traced to distinct renditions of Xipe Totec often shown with bursting or blistering eye. This is symbolic to the Aztecs in that it shows one of the motivators for sacrifices in the Aztec culture. Therefore, the Aztec’s believed that in order to achieve enlightenment and inversion, it was significant to conduct sacrifice. Xipe Totec also had a great influence to the craft industry in that Xipe was linked with obsidian artisan. The ceremony would be followed by a visit to people’s houses where they would ask for alms in exchange for blessing Xipe Totec. Xipe Totec tells us much about the culture of the Aztec people. It reveals that the Aztecs were primarily an agricultural culture that relied on farming for their livelihood. In addition, it is easy to realize that these people were dedicated to their religion in the sense that through the picture of Xipe Totec, there is e vidence of human sacrifice that was prevalence in their ceremonies to the gods. The dress was also a significant part of the Aztec faith and daily life style. The Aztec people had an advanced civilization for their government participation, religious faith, and family life they lived a productive and

Terrorist Behavior Essay Example for Free

Terrorist Behavior Essay After reading the article on â€Å"A Look at Terrorist Behavior† I found out some very interesting details on how they plan, prepare and also where they would strike. After reading the article I learned about approximately how close to a target a terrorist would likely live. A recent study shows that most terrorist lives closer to their target of choice. By being so close to their target they would learn and gather information quickly in aiding them to accomplish their mission. They would also end up studying a target for months or even years. According to analysis on terrorist residence to target of all groups around 44% of them live within 30 miles of their required target. There are four types of terrorist groups international, right wing, environmental and left wing groups. However since there are different types of terrorist groups they are different. For example international terrorist mostly lived closer to their targets, when right wing terrorist live in rural areas and would selecting targets in nearby cities. Terrorist mostly use a lot of surveillance and intelligence to help them aide in founding for their group. Most terrorist would stay close to their homes because of new immigration status and sometimes the lack of transportation. Terrorist living in urban areas are most likely would avoid attention. They are known as â€Å"lone wolves† they would target locally much uncoordinated violence such as anti-abortion extremists. Among a single-issue terrorist 77% of preparatory acts usually occurred within 12 miles and 92% occurred within 28 miles of their target. There are about a half of environmental terrorist’s acts only three fifths of them live roughly about 30 miles of their target. 5% of environmental terrorist and 59% international terrorist prepared for their target within 30 miles. Terrorist also conduct robberies, burglaries and thefts further away about an average of 429 miles from their homes. Running Head: Terrorist Behavior. As for law enforcement the implications of finding out about the proximity and preparation and time of a terrorist attack are very significant. With the help of early intelligence this can help law enforcement a lot of time to stop terrorist before an attack. Such Intel will also help local officials to respond rapidly. Law enforcement official must understand that most terrorist act locally and it’s important to know how to conduct a proper investigation method to seek and help prevent terrorism and also arrest perpetrators. Having a local pattern can be more efficiently in patrolling of high-risk target areas and gather enough Intel on suspected terrorist actions. Law enforcement officials will continue to understand and learn the relationship and the locations of terrorists preparation activities and their target of choice will help boost the knowledge and should help officers prevent and respond quickly to a terrorist attacks. Another way for local police to successfully meet the challenges posed by terrorism would be a time-tested approach that emphasizes prevention must converge with new ones that focus on prediction. Local police must also add critical elements of speed, resources, and numbers to any situation when necessary. They must be able to deploy rapidly and can quickly get more forces if needed. Homeland security must be ready at all times for any terrorist acts and threats. Overall I think if our homeland security along with local police train more and learn how terrorist operates I think our country would be safe somehow from a terrorists attack.

Romanticism and Realism in War Stories :: Romantic Period Essays

Romanticism and Realism in War Stories Tom Brokaw called the people who lived through World War II (WWII) â€Å"The Greatest Generation†, where he shares many heroic war stories in The Greatest Generation. The classic character displayed in the book was a decorated war veteran who returned to the United States (US) and developed a prosperous lifestyle. The WWII veterans came to symbolize strength, honor, unity, justice, success, and noble sacrifice. This image was portrayed through literature and film. Books and movies created an image of the WWII veterans which the US would idolize. Popular culture gave the war a romantic appeal. People fell in love with the idea that the US was liberating Europe from the Nazi Hun and the evil Japanese Empire. After the war, men came back to marry their sweethearts and had several children who were called the Baby Boomers. This romanticism continued through television shows like Leave it to Beaver and literary titles similar to Dick and Jane, which dominated popular culture . Though popular culture defined the perfect life, the lifestyle was not typical for the average American. The Baby Boomers were called into the Vietnam War and expected to follow in their father’s heroic footsteps; but unlike their father’s generation they failed to live up to the expectations. The Baby Boomers rebelled against the state and popular culture, developing flower power, free love, and equality. The Vietnam War conflicted with many of the generation’s values, resulting in internal conflict with many of the nation’s youth. Some men joined the military to fight, while other dodged the draft, creating conflict within a generation. Overall, the Baby Boomer generation symbolized individuality, dishonor, injustice, failure, and wasteful sacrifice. Unlike the WWII era, the Vietnam War brought realism into literature and film. There were no heroic movies of men fighting in Vietnam. Men could no longer shoot fifty enemy combatants on top of a tank without being hurt. Instead, popular culture brought a realistic view of war, death, pain, and destruction. Author Tim O’Brien, like many war veterans, struggled with his Vietnam experience and expressed them through writing. Tim O’Brien exposed the truth behind war stories because he shows the difference between WWII romanticism and Vietnam realism. The difference between romanticism and realism can be seen through two variations of the same war story.

African Americans in Civil War

When the Civil War began in 1861 it began for many political reasons all of the reasons were affected by slavery, but the war was not entirely about slavery. It is a belief that President Lincoln and the north started the war because they were fighting for slavery, but this common belief in not completely true. They fought to protect the Union. Because of the willingness of the African Americans to fight in the war they changed the idea of slavery and new reasons for the fighting of one of the bloodiest wars in the history of the world. African Americans changed the Civil War, consequently changing the world as we know it. At the beginning of the war the question was asked â€Å"†¦what shall be done with them [slaves]? † (Document A). Because the North/Union had only heard of blacks and slaves, they did not know what they should do with them in the war. This also shows that runway slaves were fleeing to the Union, but the Union did not have a policy for them. Because of the lack of a policy the U. S. Congress passed the Confiscation Act of 1861. The Act stripped the slaves owners of any claim to the slaves, but it did not explain whether the slaves were free or not. As a result, these slaves became property of the U. S. government. In a domino affect of the Confiscation Act, General David Hunter, of the Union Army, freed all slaves within his command, which consisted of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. Only about a week later did Lincoln rebuttal the order and slaves became property of the government again. During this same time there was a mass meeting of African Americans to discuss President Lincoln’s call for colonization of Blacks in Central America. (Document B). Also mentioned in this article is that there are millions of freed blacks, but most of them have moved to the Union side, which brings about the question â€Å"†¦what shall be done with them? † Although the war did not start as a war about slavery rather than to keep the Union, but that changed due to the Emancipation Proclamation which was passed by President Abraham Lincoln. This only freed slaves where the rebellion had already begun, but it also showed the moral side of the war. The blacks that were already freed were willing to fight in the war, and risk their lives for the Union. This dedication to the Union is shown in the picture of Lady Liberty and a wounded black solider (Document G). The freed slaves fought in the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment for the Union, which was an infantry group that was for all black men. They fought hard which caused Abraham Lincoln to continue with his plans to free all slaves. (Document C). At the beginning of the war the slavery was an issue, but it wasn’t the reason the men were fighting for. However, due to the courage of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment and other brave soldiers it became a moral war rather than political. African Americans involvement in the Civil War helped shift it to a war for freedom of millions of slaves. Without the brave acts of many men and war hero’s this may not have been a strongly pushed issue by the leaders. The war went through an evolution due to the freed blacks. The country was changed forever because of the strong beliefs of many people in that era.

IESE mission and values

I strongly believe that feedback Is an essential Ingredient If performance Is to be maintained – let alone Improved. Therefore, after dealing with the priority of ensuring that all harm was removed from the patient's ways, I approached my assistant with humility and asked to have a private conversation. I actively listened and understood his point of view. I respected him enough to allow himself to explain why the error occurred in the first place and why he was dishonest about the entire transaction being his fault, when asked by another colleague.It was made clear that the dishonesty came from the fear of the consequences of his actions and the error occurred due to negligence. Firstly, I reminded him of the 7 Standards, Ethics and Performance principles that Pharmacists work by, some of which include; making patients our flirts concern, being honest and trustworthy and taking responsibility for our work practices. Even though he may not be a pharmacist, all employees workin g In a professional environment must abide by these principles. I advised him to re- visit the Standard Operating Procedures put In place, to develop his knowledge and competence.In addition, I supported the whole team in collaborating an effective plan to reduce distractions in order to improve patient safety. As a leader of a company that truly believes in championing everyone's right to feel good by delivering products and services through legendary customer care, I also strongly believe that management practices stem from the development and well-being of people. As the Responsible Pharmacist Manager at Alliance Boots, I was in charge of leading a team to provide the best healthcare services to our customers.It was my duty to have regular staff meetings to manage performance thus benefiting the business, the team and the individual. Being the Pharmacist in charge, I am responsible for all On one occasion an error had been made by a senior member of staff regarding the sale of an incorrect prescription medication. He did not confirm the patient's address against the name. Since there was another patient with a similar name, the medication got switched but luckily there no harm was caused. An investigation had to be carried out and the patient was extremely disappointed.After dealing with the priority of ensuring all harm was from the patients way I proceeded my internal investigation. I strongly believe that feedback is an essential ingredient if reference is to be maintained – let alone improved. Therefore, approaching my assistant with humility and respect, I actively listened and understood his point of view as to how and why the error occurred. His initial dishonesty and failure to accept his mistake came from the fear of the consequences of his actions but later admitted his error due to negligence.Firstly, I reminded him of the 7 Standards, Ethics and Performance principles that Pharmacists work by, some of which include; making patients our fi rst concern, being honest and trustworthy and taking susceptibility for our work practices. Even though he may not be a pharmacist, all employees working in a professional environment must abide by these principles. I advised him to re-visit the Standard Operating Procedures put in place, to develop his knowledge and competence.In addition, I supported the whole team in collaborating an effective plan to reduce distractions in order to improve patient safety. As a leader of a company that truly believes in championing everyone's right to feel good by delivering products and services through legendary customer care, I also strongly believe that management practices stem from the development and well-being of people. Elective courses – Management in the healthcare sector. Overseas modules – Nairobi elective for 2 weeks International exchange program – extend networking and more international exposure.Case method study – provide the opportunity of learning f rom a variety of groups and therefore really understand how businesses work all around the world Entrepreneurship has always been significant in ‘See's work 19 months 80 percent international student SIZES Business School believes that the development and well-being of people should e the cornerstone of all management practices MBA program is highly personalized and is therefore greater interaction between student and staff. Strong emphasis on your own abilities to help you develop into an Entrepreneur, a Professional, a responsible leader and as an Individual.Multinational companies come on campus to recruit you. Family business club, Healthcare club Required to Join the Business Spanish Program SIZES Business School is committed to the development of leaders who aspire to have a deep, positive and lasting impact on people, firms and society; to inspiring leaders o work with a spirit of service and integrity, basing their actions on the highest standards of professionalism an d accountability; and to educating leaders to whom we can confidently entrust the future of business and society.Believing that businesses are above all communities of people who work better in an atmosphere of trust, ‘See's mission and core values are articulated in its programs and school culture and carried-out by faculty and staff who lead by example. These emphasize: Respect for others Commitment to the common good of companies and society HumilityLearning and listening Teamwork With these values as a foundation, SIZES programs are structured around five pillars of leadership development: A general management perspective Human and ethical values International dimension Transformational impact Knowledge development After having worked 3 years as a Pharmacist in the leading international pharmacy- led health group, I have had ample time to understand how this incredible business works. As I excelled in my Pharmacist role in Alliance Boots, my curiosity in understanding the underlying factors that generates a successful business stayed reorient.It was not long before this interest was recognized by my seniors and I was promoted to the role – Responsible Pharmacist Manager. I thoroughly enjoyed leading and managing a team in order to produce the best healthcare services to our customers. The insightful exposure to the managerial aspect of my profession made me realism that I want to advance my knowledge and skills in the business aspect of the healthcare industry. Unfortunately, I presently lack the comprehensive understanding of what it takes to be a successful business leader.It was then that I management practices stem from the development and well-being of people. I am truly in favor for ‘See's case study method that I believe will offer insights into areas that I may not be familiar with and brainstorming with students from diverse backgrounds will consequently produce some remarkable work. SIZES offers elective courses in Healthcare m anagement and their overseas modules in Nairobi will best prepare me with the entrepreneurial mindset needed for me to appreciate the ongoing challenges of the industry and help me to have a clearer vision in uncovering some as'. N. Y business solutions.

buy custom Gingival Enlargement and Pregnancy essay

buy custom Gingival Enlargement and Pregnancy essay 1.0 Introduction Gingival enlargement also known as gingival hypertrophy or hyperplasia is an abnormal overgrowth of gingival tissues6. Studies have revealed that pregnancy is among the risk factors causing periodontal disease, due to increased levels of progesterone and estrogens. Gingiva has been found to be one of the target organs for female sex hormones. In order to reduce incidences of gingival inflammation, it is recommended that pregnant women should maintain their oral hygiene. The increase in gingival inflammation begins during the second month of pregnancy and and reach its maximum level during the eighth month of pregnancy. The inflammatory changes may lead to gingival appearing edematous, hyperplastic or erythematous. Usually, the changes are either localized or generalized and may be noted on the interdental papilla and also on the marginal gingival. The condition is accompanied by local irritation. 2.0 Purpose of the Project In this paper, the relationship between gingival enlargement and pregnancy is presented. The paper will enable us discover the causes of gingival enlargement in pregnant women, the intense of the condition and how it can be prevented. Gingival enlargement has been found to cause various problems such as chewing, breathing, speaking and cosmetic problems, especially during pregnancy. Hormonal imbalances, which occur during pregnancy, have been associated with localized and generalized gingival enlargements. Pregnancy does not cause this condition directly, but rather metabolism during pregnancy accentuates the response to irritants, thus causing gingival inflammation. All these are discussed in depth in the paper. Having a deeper understanding of the relationship between gingival enlargement and pregnancy is crucial because the condition has become a common clinical entity. Because of its association with various local and systematic factors, complete management of the condition requires differential diagnosis. Most gingival enlargement causative factors lead to unusual hyperplastic tissue response, which are associated with local irritants such as calculus, plague, and bacteria. 3.0 Background Gingival enlargement is a common clinical entity, especially with pregnant women. Hormonal imbalances, which occur during pregnancy, have been known to be one of the causative factors of gingival enlargement. The paper addresses the relationship between gingival enlargement and pregnancy. The topic has a wide range of importance to health issues. Hormonal imbalances, which occur during puberty and pregnancy, have been known to be associated with various types of gingival enlargement. The hormonal changes significantly potentiate the effects of irritants on gingival connective tissues. In all body inflammation good oral hygiene is necessary in order to minimize the negative effects of the associated systematic factors. Gingivectomy or Gingivoplasty may be done in combination with oral hygiene and prophylaxis instructions. Lesions that do not cause a significant esthetic or functional problem should be avoided during pregnancy because they may reoccur. Furthermore, they may resolve to a spontaneous post-partum. The importance of oral prophylaxis and regular check up cannot be overlooked. Though, gingival hyperplasia is a rare condition, it is important for mechanic and cosmetic reasons. During pregnancy hyperplasia of gingival may be caused by various factors including poor oral hygiene, poor nutrition or by systematic hormonal stimulation. The objective of the paper is to explain deeply the causes of gingival enlargement during pregnancy, effects and prevention of the condition. The following research questions will be answered in the course of the paper: How is gingival enlargement related to pregnancy? What causes gingival enlargement during pregnancy? What are the influences of hormonal imbalances during pregnancy on the development of gingival lesions? How can gingival inflammation be prevented and treated? 4.0Literature Review Periodontal inflammation and pregnancy have now been linked for many years. For instance, in1978, Vermeeran discussed the intense of toothpains" in pregnancy5. Also in 1818, Pitcarin tried to give a description of gingival hyperplasia in pregnancy6. Pregnancy related abnormalities are most frequent in gingival tissue. Pregnancy does not cause gingivitis, but rather aggravate preexisting disease. The most common known changes exhibit themselves in gingival vasculature. Various studies have been done to understand how ovarian hormones may increase the enlargement the gingival tissues and exaggerate the response to local irritants. Gingival inflammation has been found to be aggravated by an imbalance or an increase in sex hormones. According to a study by Pitcarin sex hormones affects and modifies the actions of cells of immune system2. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the interaction of estrogen and immune system can lead to non immune regulatory effects. Estrogen and progesterone receptors have been demonstrated in the gingival. The sub-gingival micro-flora and the gingival tissues respond to the hormonal imbalance during pregnancy with a variety of changes. Epidemiological studies suggests that the prevalence of pregnancy gingivitis ranges from 35% to 100% During collection of information regarding the topic I made use of pub-med search. Using Google as the search engine I entered the URL. This is the National Library of medicine address. I clicked on PubMed, which took me to simple search interface pages for PubMed. The key words I searched for include the following; gingival enlargement, gingivectomy and periodontal inflammation including many others. 5.0 Theoretical Framework A study, which was done by Carranza and Newman1 on February 2008, involving 95 pregnant women aged between 15-45 years old, suggests that untreated periodontal diseases in pregnant mothers poses a significant risk factor, which may cause preterm, less than 37 weeks gestation and low birth weight (less than 2500 grams)1. Currently, there have been opinions that the co-relation of periodontal diseases to preterm low birth weights (PLBW) occurs due to infections. The evidence further suggests that the condition can be mediated indirectly through the translocation of bacterial products such as endotoxin or by the action of maternally produced inflammatory mediators. The biologically active molecules, which are normally in normal parturition, such as prostaglandin PGE and tumor necrosis factors are raised to high levels by the infection. This may foster premature labor. Recently, there has been a positive relation between gingival crevicular fluid levels of PGE with intra amniotic PGE levels, suggesting that negative periodontal infections may present a challenge sufficient to initiate the onset of premature labor through the stimulatiion of secondary mediators such as PGE and Interleukin 1 beta. Pregnancy gingivitis manifests itself in various ways. This includes; erythema, hyperplasia, edema and increased bleeding. These manifestations are similar to those of conventional gingivitis. The condition varies from mild to server inflammation and progresses to serious enlargement causing spontaneous bleeding and pain of gingiva. Occasionally, there might appear a localized gingival enlargement called pregnancy tumor. Serious gingival condition leads to tissue inflammation causing periodontal tooth mobility. It has been observed that during pregnancy hormonal levels increases to a greater extent. For instance, etcradial levels in the plasma increases up to 30 times that during reproductive cycle. Estrogen and progesterone are produced in the placenta during pregnancy. The estrogen produced may regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation and keratinization, while progesterone changes the rate of production of collagen and also affects the permeability of microvasculature. Receptors for progesterone and estrogen have been revealed in the gingival; providing direct biochemical evidence that gingiva can be a target organ for sex hormones. In addition, there exists an evidence of sex hormone concentration in the crevicular fluid, which provides a growth medium for periodontal pathogens. Also, there are various changes which occur in maternal immune system leading to a decrease in the ration of peripheral T helper cells to T suppressor cells. The changes in maternal immune response increase the degree of gingival inflammation. Because of increased sex hormones in gingival tissues, gingival crevicular fluid and in the saliva, the response of tissues (gingival) to local factors (plague) becomes exaggerated7. Gingival inflammation, presence of calculus and plague and consequently, gingival bleeding have been found to be more in pregnant women in comparison to non-pregnant women. It has been estimated that the prevalence of gingivitis in pregnant women ranges from 30% to 100%. According to another study did by Laine, pregnant women need to have a high standard of hygiene4. Because of the hormonal imbalances during pregnancy, pregnant women are more susceptible to gingival-periodontal diseases. This is consistent with the finding by Pinard, which showed that pregnant women need more oral hygiene instructions and care in order to deal with oral diseases3. Oral hygiene instructions such as instructions on how to care for oral heath during gestation, and after delivering, are among the parameters to be considered for pregnant women6. Although a considerable proportion of pregnant women experience gingivitis during pregnancy, gingival tissues return to their original healthy state after wards. This happens when the levels of estrogen and progesterone reach baseline values. In a clinical situation, apart from a slight increase in gingivitis, a sub-gingival microbial shift and bleeding, healthy pregnant women are unlikely to experience a significant gingival response that would have serious clinical implication. It is important for women, who are susceptible to gingival conditions, to seek treatment to prevent serious extension of inflammation that may cause bacteremia8. Preventive measures such as meticulous plague control and dental prophylaxis helps in preventing periodontal conditions from development. Hence, it is necessary to include periodontal examination as one of antenatal check up during pregnancy in order to ensure that both the mother and the child are healthy. Buy custom Gingival Enlargement and Pregnancy essay

Your Comprehensive Guide to Negotiating Salary

Your Comprehensive Guide to Negotiating Salary No matter what your job, no matter what your industry, you have something in common with everyone else: you want to make more money as you move through your career. (Living the dream!) Similarly, the way to get there is pretty universal as well: learning how to negotiate your workplace value into cash money. Whether you’re already in a job and you’re seeking a raise, or you’ve just gotten a job offer and want to maximize your starting salary, there are tools to keep in your belt for negotiating your salary. 1. Negotiating Salary When You’ve Just Gotten a Job Offer  a.   When Should You Start Negotiating?  b.   What Tools Should You Have Ready to Go?  c.   How Should You Approach the Negotiation?  d.   When Do You Settle? Or, When Do You Walk Away?  e.   What Mistakes Are Lurking?  2. Negotiating Salary If  You’re Looking for a Raise/Promotion  a.  When Should You Start Negotiating?  b.  What Tools Should You Have Rea dy to Go?  c.  How Should You Approach It?  d.  When Do You Settle? Or, When Do You Walk Away?  How to Negotiate If You’ve Just Gotten a Job OfferCongratulations! Score! You’ve outwitted, outlasted, and outplayed your competitors to get to the end. (Oh wait, that’s Survivor.) Now after you’ve had a glass of champagne (or the fizzy celebratory beverage of your choice), don’t get too complacent- you’ve still got one more stage: the salary negotiation.  Business.com has a great overview of the process:When Should You Start Negotiating?You should wait until you have your job offer in hand. Mention money too early, and you run the risk of giving information that could limit your salary ceiling (like what you were earning previously, or what you’d be willing to accept now). It could also be a turn-off for the hiring company†¦you don’t want to seem too mercenary before you even have the job. During the interview phase s, focus on your attributes and experience, and on getting hired.Once you’ve received an offer, then it’s time to start negotiating your salary.What Tools Should You Have Ready to Go?  As you get ready for battle, here are three things to have at the top of your mind.1. A target salary rangeWhile you shouldn’t actually mention salary while you’re interviewing, you should definitely start thinking about the best-case scenario (job offer and salary negotiation stage) ahead of time. Part of that is doing your homework on what you’re worth, professionally.There are tons of resources online that can help you drill down into your specific industry and job, and find at least a range that feels comfortable based on your experience level. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has baseline government data on salaries and career outlooks for various industries. Sites like Payscale.com, Salary.com, and GlassDoor.com can help you zoom in on your professional wo rth as well, aggregating data about real people’s salaries in various industries. You want your expectations to be realistic, so gather as much info as you can about the salaries attached to your new role (or similar jobs in the industry), for people at your experience level.2. Your selling points (which are now justification points)In addition to having a dollar range in mind, you should keep your resume and interview talking points handy as well. It may seem like those are old news after you aced your interview, but you should have a ready list of all of your accomplishments and experience to bolster any requests for a higher salary.3. Intangibles And don’t forget that while we call this â€Å"salary† negotiation, it’s about your entire compensation package at your new job. That includes yes, your baseline salary, but also vacation time, flexible work arrangements, paid leave, and other benefits. These may take a backseat to the official dollar amount, but they’re great to have as an additional bargaining chip- especially if the company proves unwilling or unable to meet your goal salary. You can try to get additional time off, or work-from-home arrangements to compensate for a slightly lower salary.4. Your dealbreaker amount Unfortunately, some negotiations won’t work out. As part of your salary range, you should also keep the lower limit in mind- the number where, if the salary falls below it and can’t budge upward, you can’t move forward with this new job.How Should You Approach the Negotiation?Some companies will include a salary offer with the official job offer. In this case, you would use that number as a starting point, or an â€Å"anchor.† If you get an offer without a dollar amount attached, you get to throw out a number as the anchor. Again (and I can’t emphasize this enough), be realistic. If you’re going for a mid-level management position and you walk in asking for a g iant signing bonus and a Ferrari, you might be laughed right out of your job offer.According to recruiter Nick Corcodilos, a goal to keep in mind for switching jobs is about a 20% increase in salary. That may or may not be realistic depending on your industry or your new company’s economic situation, but think of it as an ideal-world guideline.Either way, once the initial dollar amounts is out there, don’t accept the first offer from your new company. You won’t lose your job offer just for negotiating- it’s a commonplace part of the hiring process these days. Send a counteroffer, and go from there.To see how salary negotiations can play out, career author Ramit Sethi has a no-holds-barred approach in this video negotiation re-enactment:When Do You Settle? Or, When Do You Walk Away?As Kenny Rogers once told us, part of the game is knowing when to fold ‘em. Negotiation for a new job is a form of gambling- there’s no guarantee the company will m eet your salary request. If their initial and subsequent offers fall below what you are able to accept, then it’s okay to turn down the job offer and walk away. If you really need or want this job, and the salary offer falls substantially short, try to use that â€Å"intangibles† chip and try to bolster things like vacation time or job title as a way to offset the salary before you accept the offer.  Also, don’t let the process drag out indefinitely. The company is clearly interested in filling this role as soon as possible, and you want things to move along as well. Expect the process to advance over a short period of time†¦possibly a few days. Once you know things aren’t going to work, it’s better to put that out there and get the inevitable end out of the way.What Mistakes Are Lurking?Here are some of the top mistakes people make in negotiating a new job salary:Accepting the first offer. Just don’t do it! You don’t know how high you could have gone if you don’t even try.Aiming too high. Be realistic in your salary expectations.Being too aggressive. A respectful tone is key to the process- after all, these will likely be your colleagues soon. Confidence and information are great tools- swagger is not.Accepting without knowing salary. If, in your excitement, you accept the job offer without knowing what your salary is (and having a chance to respond or negotiate), you put yourself at a major disadvantage.How to Negotiate If You’re Looking for a Raise/PromotionIf you’re already comfortable in your job and are seeking a merit-based raise, the process is a little different. No one is going to come to you and say, â€Å"You know what? You’ve been awesome this year. Take this extra cash.† The initiative is all on you. It’s easy for both employers and employees to get complacent. Once they have you in place, what’s their incentive to keep throwing money at you? Many companies have an automatic yearly raise in place, often at the cost-of-living level. But even if you can already expect a bump in your salary this year, there’s no reason you can’t try to negotiate and maximize that. And if your company doesn’t have an automatic raise mechanism in place, all the more reason to make a case that you deserve more.RELATED:  How to Negotiate Your Salary in an InterviewWhen Should You Start Negotiating?Your annual review is a pretty common time to kick off this process. Your manager is already thinking about your performance for the year, and may have promotions on the brain. However, you don’t necessarily need to wait for an official window for talking about salary. If you’ve come to the conclusion that you would like to ask for more money, all you really need to do is schedule time with your boss to sit down and discuss. Make sure you have set a time when both of you can concentrate- don’t do it on the f ly (like as you’re both getting coffee in the morning).What Tools Should You Have Ready to Go?Even though you’ve likely been at your job for a while, don’t rely on your boss’s institutional memory of what you’ve done. Be prepared to come up with your â€Å"I deserve a raise today† package from scratch. This is especially true if your current boss isn’t the one who hired you. Don’t make him or her dig through your HR file to get your resume from six years ago. Here’s what you should be prepared to bring to your meeting:Updated resume. An up-to-date resume isn’t a betrayal of your employer, or a sign you’re looking to jump ship. It’s a smart tool to have: a current record of what you’ve accomplished in the time since you’ve been hired.A target salary range. Similar to a new hire, you should know what you’re worth, professionally. Use sites like the S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Pa yscale.com, Salary.com, and GlassDoor.com to figure out where you should be aiming. This can be good for two reasons: a) If you’re making less than other people in similar roles, that’s a great talking point to have; and b) it prevents you from asking for the Moon when you should be asking for, say, a modest moon rock.Non-salary considerations. Would your life be easier if you could work from home one day a week? Can you get three extra vacation days? These are things to consider, especially if your company isn’t able or willing to meet your â€Å"suggested† new salary.A plan B. If your company can’t or won’t compensate you to a level you deserve based on your achievements and experience, then what’s your next move? Do you sigh, keep the status quo, and try again next year? Or do you decide that this is no longer a company you want to work for? Before you talk with your boss, have a sense of what you will do, pending different outcome s.How Should You Approach It?Long before you approach your boss about a raise, make sure you’re performing at the top of your game. Take on extra responsibilities, and make sure everything’s documented. Seek out leadership opportunities within your company. And always, always have specific examples in mind. You’ll need to justify the extra money, so having concrete talking points as to how you’ve gone above and beyond will make it easier for your boss to either approve, or pass it along to the next level for consideration.25% of people that asked for a raise got more money than they were expectingThe politics can be tricky with an in-house request for a raise. After all, you’re not facing a faceless HR person or someone you met once for an interview. You’re approaching someone you’ve worked with, possibly for a long time. According to research by Undercover Recruiter, people are anxious in general about asking for a raise- as many as 39% of people are hesitant to dive into the process, with a scant 26% of women and 40% of men feeling confident enough to go for it: Once you’ve gathered your data points and gathered the courage to approach your manager about a raise, make sure you keep a balanced, professional tone throughout. Even if you and your boss are best buds, remember that this is a relationship-neutral zone: he or she can’t reward you just for being a hilarious friend, or a co-conspirator in office shenanigans. Remember that you’re negotiating something as a professional, so act like the consummate professional who deserves more compensation.When Do You Settle? Or, When Do You Walk Away?Unlike a new job offer salary negotiation, you don’t have the same luxury of walking away from the process. If your boss says no, you still have to show up at work the next day. This is where your Plan B comes in handy. If you’d already decided that you’re going to move on if the c ompany doesn’t give you a raise, don’t quit in a snit. Calmly end the conversation with your boss, and quietly make plans to look for your next job opportunity. Remember, it’s easier to look for a job while you have a job, so don’t give up in anger and endanger your security in the meantime.So what do you think? Are you ready to approach your next salary discussion like the keen-eyed shark you can be?RELATED:  11 Tips for Getting the Salary You Want

Open Innovation in Service Sectors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Open Innovation in Service Sectors - Essay Example As a way of meeting the expansion and evolution in the service sector, which is mostly focused on changes in customer preferences for service delivery, players within the service sector have used research and development (R&D) to identify specific changes that customers desire, so that they can direct or focus their attention on these areas of change. Once companies and institutions adopt this strategy to change with the changing environment in which they do business, we say the companies are engaged in innovation (Harabi 2005). Writing on innovation within the service sectors, Hagedoorn and Cloodt (2003) pointed out that the rate of change and expansion experienced of late demands that companies do just more than the traditional idea of innovation. It is in light of this that writers and reviewers have followed up with research on the most advanced ways in which the service sector can make the best use of innovation. Lately, companies such as LEGO, Barclays Bank and British Broadcas t Corporation (BBC) have introduced the all new term of open innovation in the transaction of most of the businesses they are engaged in, as a way of building on the traditional ideas of innovation. ... On his part, Chesbrough (2003) sees open innovation as a meta-innovation that involves the practice of co-creating with customers in the service industry, where it is traditionally said that for customers to have their way in specifying what they want is very difficult because the experience there is tacit (Meyer 2012). By implication, it can be said that it is the customer that decides on the value of innovation as most forms of changes in the service industry are focused on changes in customer preferences for service delivery. From this opinion, the external stakeholder base that is talked about could be said to be the customer. In some other fields of study, open innovation in the service sector has been regarded to go beyond the customer and include a larger non-shareholder stakeholders such as suppliers, quality assurance teams and marketers (Johne & Storey 2008). A similar definition was put up by Chesbrough (2003, p. 3) who this time round explained open innovation as ‘a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology’. For various organisations, open innovation has been approached using different models and parameters of change. For example, LEGO, Barclays Bank and BBC have all used different models of open innovation, which gives a signal that the best way to approach open innovation in the service sector is to open the concept according to what a company is involved in (Gallouj 2002). Open innovation is also expected to have three major phases made up of transition strategy, dynamic management practice and open innovation culture. These

English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

English Language - Essay Example Time zero is now, when Osama bin Laden, the international terrorist and top leader of the terror organization al Qaeda, has been killed by an elite US Navy special action force, the Zeal. The abstract is a summary of the entire article, which can be summarized here in a few words – that Omar bin Laden accuses the United States government of violating international law in killing their father. The first sentence, including the title, is full of meaning, that assuming that we do not know the man bin Laden, we can understand that violence was used against violence, that bin Laden was a violent man and that the US government stopped him by killing him. This was followed by S2 which affirms that the man who was killed was an unarmed terrorist leader who was summarily executed by the US government. However, we can also assume that the writer of the essay, which appeared in an online periodical, The Los Angeles Times, assumes in his abstract, that indeed the reader of this article kn ows Osama bin Laden, the top al Qaeda leader, the mastermind of the bombing of the twin towers of the World Trade Center, in which thousands were killed. The time expression in the story about Omar’s accusation provides a brief explanation of the events that transpired before that fateful day of May 2, 2011. First in S2, there is the statement and reaction of the bin Laden family. Omar’s sentiments clearly showed the immediate past – that he was communicating with his father. The ‘recency’ includes his (and his family’s) doubts over the statement from President Obama that they had killed bin Laden. Although, there is less doubt over the statements of the US government (another assumption), this news story has many underlying stories and sub-stories. We can still follow Bell’s framework on the role of the abstract in this subject of news English. The abstract is the introduction, or it introduces into the main theme or point of the stor y. The main point or idea of the story is that Omar is complaining and accusing that if indeed President Obama was correct in announcing to the world that they have killed bin Laden, the US government committed an illegal act in doing so. Bell says that double abstracts are common in news English, and this was ‘committed’ in this article – there is an accusation of the illegal act and the fact that Omar’s father may already be dead. There is a second presumption that the US President could have lied in saying that the al Qaeda leader is dead. The presumption is that it could be that Obama was lying, implying that he was using psychological warfare against the members of al Qaeda. It was probably to demoralize the members of the organization, and the United States was winning against the war on terror. The abstract in Bell’s framework also tells that is also linked by time expression, which portrays a cause-and-effect, i.e. Omar bin Laden is accusing the United States after they have killed his father. But there is another presumption, which is if Obama was telling the truth. The headline according to Bell’s framework is an abstract of the abstract, which is just a last-minute insertion by an editor. The ‘real’ abstract is the first sentence by Andrew Malcolm, the author. The attention of the reader is caught by the first abstract, the title, although we are sure, Malcolm’

Should the U.S. emphasize multilateral over unilateral initiatives in Research Paper

Should the U.S. emphasize multilateral over unilateral initiatives in foreign policyC.Q. Researcher, Feb. 2, 2007, vol. 5, issu - Research Paper Example 4. Many important international institutions require multilateral cooperation. 5. Multilateral initiatives allows for more alliances. CONS: No, the U.S. should NOT emphasize multilateral over unilateral initiatives in foreign policy. 1. The U.S. may have a disadvantage in multilateral negotiations because some countries outstrip the American influence in many consensus-oriented fora such as the ASEAN, Asean Regional Forum and APEC. 2. Some of the benefits of multilateralism can be achieved in through other strategies such as bilateral agreements, which sometimes could be more forceful and effective. 3. It is less decisive in addressing immediate threats or issues that need immediate attention. The dominant opinion domestically and internationally is that the United States is better off pursuing a multilateral approach to its foreign policy instead of unilateralism. This is exactly what is being pursued by the current Obama administration. For example, in the current civil war happeni ng in Libya, the US is working with the North Atlantic Territory Organization (NATO) and the Arab League in order to best solve the crisis. When several airstrikes were finally launched against Moammar Gaddhafi’s military installations, they were done within the auspices of NATO and were explicitly projected as international efforts with the French or the British, possibly taking the lead. American policymakers are careful to avoid the failures of the previous administrations in its foreign policies, particularly that which concerned the unilateral invasion of Iraq, including the policies that came to constitute the American War on Terror. The confidence-building capability of multilateral initiatives has been demonstrated by Japan – a state now held in high esteem by most of Asia – after its much derided status during the Second World War. Through its strategy, it was able to achieve a kind of diplomatic influence that sometimes surpasses that of the US. For ex ample, through the years, Japan has cultivated strong economic relationships with member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN). Multilateralism’s benefit for Japan is quite clear. Today, the country has two major East Asian multilateral foreign and security policy options: the first is the ASEAN/ARF structure, which are now consisted of most of the states in Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia.1 Then, there was also the case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which the first Bush administration encouraged and ratified under President Clinton’s watch. This initiative to engage Latin America, wrote Horwitz, helped redirect the foreign policies of thirty-four Western Hemisphere states in favor of closer political and economic ties.2 This engagement also facilitated the pursuit of common goals that led to the solution of common problems such as illegal drugs and immigration. Engaging other states and international institutions makes an initiative legitimate or, at least, provide a semblance of it that might otherwise be perceived as narrow political/military/economic interests of the US. According to Parmar, the popular critique against the recent Bush administration was that it had alienated the world by â€Å"by-passing international institutions, flouting international law and norms, and disregarding the interests and opinion of states.3 Anjali